Non-peripherally substituted copper (II) phthalocyanine was non-covalently attached to carbon and carbon-boron quantum dots. Various biological assessments were applied to these compounds. Conjugates exhibited high antidiabetic activities at 200 mg/L. Also, compounds showed significant DNA nuclease activity. The most efficient MIC value was obtained against Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus feacalis. This MIC value was further decreased after photodynamic therapy. Inhibition of microbial cell viability was obtained as 100% for all compounds. In addition, compounds exerted perfect biofilm inhibitory effects.

Non-peripherally, glycerol terminal groups substituted copper (II) phthalocyanine were non-covalently (electrostatic and/or π–π interaction) attached to carbon (CQD) and carbon-boron quantum dots (CBQD) to form QDs-Pc nanoconjugate systems. Synthesized novel phthalocyanine compounds and QDs-Pc conjugate systems were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. Various biological assessments were applied to newly synthesized compounds. Conjugates 4 and 5 had a maximal free radical scavenging activity of 71.3% and 68.1% at a 100 mg/L concentration. Compounds exhibited high antidiabetic activities at 200 mg/L. Also, compounds showed significant DNA nuclease activity at all tested concentrations. The most efficient MIC value was obtained as 4 mg/L against Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus feacalis. This MIC value was further decreased after photodynamic therapy, and it was observed that the antimicrobial effects of the compounds increased. Inhibition of microbial cell viability was obtained as 100% for all compounds. In addition, compounds exerted perfect biofilm inhibitory effects.

A trans-configured Pt(II) saccharinate complex bearing benzyldiphenylphosphine inhibits both growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) and angiogenesis, acting as a multifunctional anticancer and antiangiogenic agent.

As clinically used anticancer Pt(II) drugs have severe side effects, there is a growing interest for new metal complexes with great potential for cancer therapy. The current work aimed to prepare and characterize new Pd(II) and Pt(II) saccharinate (sac) complexes bearing pyridyl- and benzyldiphenylphosphines (PPh₂Py and PPh₂Bz, respectively), cis-[Pd(sac)₂(PPh₂Py)₂] (1), cis-[PtCl(sac)(PPh₂Py)₂]·0.5DMF (2), cis-[Pd(sac)₂(PPh₂Bz)₂]·DMF (3) and trans-[PtCl(sac)(PPh₂Bz)₂] (4) as promising anticancer and antiangiogenic drugs. The anticancer activity of the complexes was screened against seven cancer cell lines including HCT116 (colon), HepG2 (liver), MDA-MB-231 (breast), PANC-1 (pancreatic), A549 (lung), C6 (glioma), DU145 (prostate) and normal human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). 1 and 2 did not show biological activity below 20 μM at 48 h, whereas 3 and 4 displayed significant cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells. 4 was the most potent complex (IC₅₀ = 2.2–12.1 μM) and displayed much greater cytotoxicity than cisplatin in all the cancer cell lines. 4 caused apoptosis in HCT116 cells as evidenced by annexin V positivity and caspase 3/7 activity assays. Furthermore, the inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins by the complex suggested the intrinsic apoptosis. In addition, 4 greatly enhanced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently caused remarkable DNA double-strand breaks in HCT116 cells. Moreover, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to evaluate antiangiogenic potential of 4. The complex effectively inhibited angiogenesis at a dose of 50 ng, suggesting it as a promising multi-targeted agent for antiangiogenic cancer treatment.

The polyfunctional coordination polymer Cd-CP was synthesized using benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 3,5-diaminotriazole via solvothermal reaction. The Cd-CP has been fully characterized by using single X-ray, TGA, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, PXRD, and BET analysis. The Cd-CP demonstrated a significant level of photocatalytic efficacy at 99.19% under visible light irradiation against MG dye. The kinetic data exhibited pseudo-first order. The •OH is the principal ROS responsible for the degradation of MG.

Herein, we have designed polyfunctional materials of d¹⁰-configuration Cd (II) “Cd-CP.” The coordination polymer Cd-CP was synthesized using benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 3,5-diaminotriazole via solvothermal reaction. The Cd-CP has been fully characterized by using single X-ray crystallography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform–infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Single crystal X-ray crystallography revealed that the CP-Cd crystallized in triclinic space group P – 1 with the chemical composition [(BDC)(DAT)₂Cd₂Cl] (CH₃)₂ NH₂ ⁺ · H₂O. The present study investigated the impact of different reaction parameters, including the concentration of MG, the dosage of catalyst, and the duration of irradiation, on the outcome demonstrating a high level of photocatalytic efficacy at 99.19% under visible light irradiation. The obtained kinetic data exhibited conformity with a pseudo-first-order model, indicating that the rate-determining step is likely to be photo-absorption. The value of the apparent rate constant was found to be 0.019 min⁻¹ for 50 mg L⁻¹, 0.016 min⁻¹ for 100 mg L⁻¹, and 0.015 min⁻¹ for 150 mg L⁻¹ MG concentration. The corresponding half-life time was found to be 36.44, 43.31, and 46.20 min with values of correlation coefficient (R ²) as 0.99, 0.93, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, a trapping experiment was conducted to demonstrate that hydroxy radicals (•OH) are the principal reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the degradation of MG. The results of the total organic carbon (TOC) study indicated a mineralization value of around 89%, suggesting that the dye has been completely degraded into non-toxic by-products such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).

In this paper, we studied the reactions of Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂ with 3-(2-pyridyl)indene and its derivatives, generating two phosphine-tethered indenyl ruthenium complexes {η ⁵,κ ¹ P-(C₅H₄N-C₉H₄R-C₆H₄PPh₂)}RuCl(PPh₃) (R = H, 1; R = CH₃, 2) and an η ⁵-coordination mode complex {η ⁵-(CH₃C₅H₃N-C₉H₆)}RuCl(PPh₃)₂ (3). Complexes 1 and 2 are formed via C-C coupling of the 2-position of the indenyl ring with the ortho-position of a phenyl ring from triphenylphosphine, which is rare in organometallic chemistry.

Reactions of 3-(2-pyridyl)indene and 5-methyl-3-(2-pyridyl)indene with Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂, generated two phosphine-tethered indenyl ruthenium complexes {η ⁵,κ ¹ P-(C₅H₄N-C₉H₄R-C₆H₄PPh₂)}RuCl(PPh₃) (R = H, 1; R = CH₃, 2), respectively. While treatment of 3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)indene with Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂ gave a product {η ⁵-(CH₃C₅H₃N-C₉H₆)}RuCl(PPh₃)₂ (3); 1 could further react with NaBAr^F ₄ to produce a cationic complex [{η ⁵,κ ¹ P-(C₅H₄N-C₉H₅-C₆H₄PPh₂)}Ru(PPh₃)][BAr^F ₄] (15). When treated with NaOMe in methanol, 1 was converted into [{η ⁵,κ ¹ P-(C₅H₄N-C₉H₅-C₆H₄PPh₂)}RuH(PPh₃)] (16). These five complexes were investigated as catalysts for redox isomerization of allylic alcohols, and 16 exhibited best catalytic activity in the presence of ^t BuOK, reaching quantitative yield in 5 min when α-vinylbenzyl alcohol was used as the substrate, requiring catalyst loading of 1 mol%.

An inexpensive and unique strategy of liquid/liquid interface was applied for the alloying of CoO/PtPd and CoO/PtPd/r-GO nanostructured thin films for efficient and accelerated oxidation of methanol in fuel cell anodes. Co (II) oxide facilitates the conversion of poisonous CO into CO₂.

This study presents the facile synthesis of CoO/PtPd and CoO/PtPd/reduced-graphene oxide (r-GO) nanocomposites, highlighting their significant role in methanol fuel cells. To create a CoO/PtPd thin film at the toluene/water interface, we employed NaBH₄ to effectively reduce PtCl₂(COD), PdCl₂(COD), and Co (acac)₃ (COD = cis,cis-1,5- cyclooctadiene, acac = acetylacetonate). The two nanocomposites were analyzed using XRD, FE-SEM, AFM, XPS, BET, and TEM techniques. In the electrooxidation of methanol in the anodic part of fuel cell, cobalt (II) oxide can serve as an oxygen source in the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) or it can play a role in producing the HO-CoO intermediate to facilitate the oxidation of CO-PtPd to carbon dioxide (CO₂). This reaction can help eliminate CO, which is a common poison for Pt-based catalysts in methanol oxidation. Our research reveals significant improvements in current densities and catalyst tolerance when using the CoO/PtPd/r-GO nanocomposite thin film. The observed current density for CoO/PtPd/r-GO is 263.33 mA.cm⁻², surpassing the reported value of 30.00 mA.cm⁻² for PtPd/r-GO. The j _f /j _b ratios, commonly used to evaluate catalyst tolerance, are approximately 2.80 for CoO/PtPd and 4.98 for CoO/PtPd/r-GO, in contrast to ratios larger than 0.99 for ETEK Pt and 0.58 for other types of commercial Pt/C. These findings indicate that the CoO/PtPd/r-GO thin film exhibits enhanced catalytic performance and improved tolerance to CO poisoning. Furthermore, the power output calculated for CoO/PtPd/r-GO is 104.5 mW·cm⁻², which is comparable to the reported value of 48.03 mW·cm⁻² for commercial Pt/C. These results demonstrate the potential of the CoO/PtPd/r-GO nanocomposite thin film as a promising alternative to traditional catalyst materials in methanol fuel cells.

The main aim of our study is to investigate various types of hybrid systems with a paramagnetic iron (III) ion as a core and photoactive derivatives of carbazole at the periphery. We have synthesized a variety of biligand coordination compounds with the composition [FeL ₂ ]A (where L is 2-[2-[(E)-[4-[4-(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)benzoyl]oxy-2-phenolate]methyleneamino]ethylamino]ethyl 4-(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)benzoate and A⁻ is NO₃ ⁻ (I), Cl⁻ (II), PF₆ ⁻ (III)). These systems were studied by SQUID magnetometry and X-band EPR spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements revealed mixed spin states (HS, LS) of the Fe (III) ions at room temperatures. The estimations of the corresponding spin contributions were made. It was found that all compounds demonstrate AFM exchange interactions between the Fe (III) ions. Ground spin states at 2.0 K were established and analyzed. EPR measurements confirmed Fe (III) HS states and reveal two types of them: with weak distorted and strong low-symmetry octahedral crystal fields.

The main aim of our study is to investigate various types of hybrid systems with a paramagnetic iron (III) ion as a core and photoactive derivatives of carbazole at the periphery. We have synthesized a variety of biligand coordination compounds with the composition [FeL ₂ ]A (where L is 2-[2-[(E)-[4-[4-(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)benzoyl]oxy-2-phenolate]methyleneamino]ethylamino]ethyl 4-(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazol-9-yl)benzoate, A⁻ is NO₃ ⁻ (I), Cl⁻ (II), PF₆ ⁻ (III)). These systems were studied by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements revealed mixed spin states (high spin [HS], low spin [LS]) of Fe (III) ions at room temperatures. Estimates of the corresponding spin contributions were made. It was found that all samples exhibit AFM exchange interactions between iron (III) ions. The ground spin state at 2.0 K was established and analyzed. EPR measurements confirmed the HS states of iron (III) and revealed two types of them: with weak distorted and strong low-symmetry octahedral crystal fields.

We have synthesized magnesium (II) phthalocyanines (2a, 3a) and their water-soluble derivatives (2b, 3b). The ct-DNA binding and supercoiled plasmid DNA nuclease properties of the water-soluble compounds were investigated using different methods. All of these results showed that 2b had promising potential as a photosensitizer agent for photodynamic therapy.

In this study, magnesium (II) phthalocyanines (2a, 3a) and their water-soluble derivatives (2b, 3b) were synthesized via multistep reactions. The structures of these phthalocyanines were identified by FT-IR, NMR, MALDI-TOF, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The ct-DNA binding (UV–Vis absorption, competitive EB binding, and agarose electrophoresis studies) and supercoiled plasmid DNA nuclease properties (hydrolytic, photonuclease, oxidative nuclease, and photooxidative nuclease) of the water-soluble compounds were investigated using different methods. The DNA binding constant (K _b ) values of 2b and 3b were calculated as 8.45 ± (0.25) × 10⁴ and 7.71 ± (0.13) × 10⁴ M⁻¹ at 25°C, respectively. The results showed that 2b had a stronger ct-DNA binding effect than 3b according to K _b and r values. The DNA nuclease studies claimed that both compounds indicated photonuclease activity on plasmid DNA depending on the light dose. Additionally, 2b had a higher photonuclease capacity than 3b. All of these results showed that 2b had promising potential as a photosensitizer agent for photodynamic therapy.

In this study, the feasibility of synthesis and efficiency of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) decorated with L-carnosine (CAR) as a safe drug carrier were explored. L-carnosine peptide was linked to the magnetite nanoparticles by terephthalaldehyde as a linker to gain the magnetite nanoparticles rich in carnosine. The cisplatin-loaded carnosine-modified SPIONs were evaluated as the drug delivery system on MCF7 cells.

The majorities of chemotherapy drugs and drug-delivery models have significant health concerns and cause undesirable side effects because they lack specificity and proper targeting systems and are too large. It is crucial to prioritize the rational design and synthesis of chemotherapeutics that specifically target their intended sites. This research work aims to create magnetic nanocarriers conjugated with L-carnosine (CAR) as a cancer-targeting peptide for the development of targeted anticancer drugs. These nanoparticles are designed to reduce toxicity, allow for sustained release, and increase the circulating time of cisplatin. The nanoparticles were made by coating them with silane and an aldehyde linker, which allowed them to be attached to L-carnosine peptide. Cisplatin was then attached to the surface of the nanoparticles via chemical bonds. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using vibrating sample magnetometer, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectrophotometry. In vitro studies demonstrated the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of cisplatin nanoconjugates on breast cancer cells. Significantly, the nanoconjugates showed higher potency compared to free cisplatin. In continuous study, the optimization of synthesized compounds was performed using the DMol3 module in Materials Studio 2017. Energy calculations and molecular docking analysis using the HEX software revealed that the nanoconjugates showed stronger binding to the minor and major grooves of the DNA receptor. These interactions involved eight hydrogen bonds, exceeding those of other compounds.

Synthesized novel Tellurium(IV) complexes Analyzed using TGA, SEM, NMR, and more Revealed octahedral chelation Showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties Computational analysis validated efficacy Potential as therapeutic agents in pharmaceuticals

In our pursuit of designing potent bioactive compounds, we synthesized six novel tellurium (IV) complexes through the condensation of 5-methyl-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde and p-nitroaniline. These compounds underwent rigorous investigation using various analytical techniques (TGA, SEM, EDAX, and powder XRD) and spectral analyses (NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–Vis, and FTIR). Spectroscopic analysis suggested an octahedral geometry for the complexes, revealing chelation through the thiophene sulfur and azomethine nitrogen atoms. Thermal analysis indicated a three-step degradation process, ultimately leaving behind metal oxide as the end product. We conducted in-vitro antimicrobial screening using the broth micro-dilution method, highlighting the significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of complexes 3c and 3d, as well as the potent antimicrobial activity of 3b and 3f against various bacterial strains, including Candida albicans. To further substantiate our findings, we performed advanced computational analyses, including molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, DFT, MESP, and ADMET studies. Molecular docking validated our antimicrobial results, whereas pharmacophore models enhanced our understanding of molecular interactions with proteins, potentially identifying novel bioactive compounds. Furthermore, DFT and MESP investigations underscored the superior biological efficacy of tellurium (IV) complexes over thiophene-derived ligands, emphasizing their potential as therapeutic agents. ADMET analysis revealed their favorable profile as precursors for drug development with minimal adverse effects. In summary, our research seamlessly integrates experimental and theoretical aspects, offering innovative insights into drug design and potential applications in pharmaceuticals. This study represents a significant milestone, paving the way for future advancements in the field of pharmaceutical science.