Fused oxazino-quinolinone derivatives have been obtained in high yield and selectivity by mild palladium-catalyzed carbonylation protocols (atmospheric pressure and mild reaction temperature). Gaseous CO can be replaced with surrogates such as TFBen or hexa-formate calix[6]arenes (CLX[6]CO), which have been employed for the first time as solid carbonylating agents.

Comprehensive Summary

A highly selective palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 2-alkynylanilines bearing an amide moiety to condensed six-membered heterocyclic structures has been developed under mild conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure of CO). The carbonylative protocol is also compatible with CO surrogates, such as benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate (TFBen) or the newly developed calix[6]arenes functionalized with six formate groups (CLX[6]CO), which are both capable to release CO in situ. A series of tricyclic fused heterocycles containing the important oxazino-quinolinone scaffold have been selectively obtained (only the 6-endo-dig cyclization mode has been observed) in good to excellent yields (up to 99%).

Abstract

Energy levels and energy level alignment at interfaces play a decisive role in designing efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). In this review two usually used technologies in organic photovoltaic communities for measuring energy levels of organic semiconductors, photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical methods, are introduced, and the relationships between the values obtained from the corresponding techniques are compared. The energy level and energy level alignment across the interfaces involved in solution processed organic photovoltaics are described, and the corresponding integer charge transfer model for predicting and explaining energy level alignment are presented. The effects of the interface properties in designing efficient binary and ternary OSCs were discussed. The effects of environmental factors mainly including water vapor, oxygen gas and thermal annealing on energy levels and energy level alignment involved in photoactive layers, and the subsequent effects on the corresponding OSC properties are given.

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Comprehensive Summary

In recent years, flexible photodetectors (FPDs) have received increasing attention due to their applications in electronic eyes, flexible sensing, terminal devices, and wearable devices. In addition, metallic halide perovskite materials are considered as future materials for FPDs due to their compatibility with flexible substrates, low cost, simple synthesis methods, and superior optoelectronic properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant cutting-edge research in the field of flexible perovskite photodetectors (FPPDs) from 2020 to 2022. First, the evaluation criteria for FPPDs are discussed and the development of perovskite stability criteria is emphatically described. Afterwards, the synthesis methods and device construction processes of metal halide perovskite materials commonly used by researchers in the past three years were described. These include single crystals and low-dimensional materials. Moreover, we have elaborated on the research of self-powered FPPD and its contributions in wearability, terminals, and portability. Finally, a summary of developments and possibilities in the field of FPPDs from 2020 to 2022 is provided.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.