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Synthesis and in vitro anti-tumor evaluation of novel glycoconjugated SN38 derivatives
Chemistry Letters, Ahead of Print.
Synthesis of β-Enaminones via Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative β-Amination of Saturated Ketones
Chemistry Letters, Ahead of Print.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Solar Cell Applications of a Non-fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Based on Vinylene-Bridged Difluorobenzothiadiazole
Chemistry Letters, Ahead of Print.
Bilirubin in wound healing: A double‐edged sword
Abstract
The impact of bilirubin levels on wound healing remains a topic of controversy. The present study is a literature review that examines the impact of increased levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream on the process of wound healing. The physiological pathways and their interrelationships, as well as the relevant research publications, were comprehensively addressed in our discussion. The present study undertook a comprehensive review of the extant literature pertaining to the impact of bilirubin concentration on the process of wound healing, with particular emphasis on its association with reactive oxygen species. This scholarly article provides an overview of several studies that elucidate the mechanisms and correlation between bilirubin and the process of wound healing. The impact of bilirubin on wound healing has been observed, and it appears to function as a modulator. This review demonstrates that there exists a spectrum of bilirubin concentrations that can function as precise regulators, although this range falls under pathological hyperbilirubinemia. Further research is required to determine the precise boundary of this range. Within a certain range, bilirubin serves as a positive regulator in the process of wound healing. Beyond this range, it has the potential to function as a negative regulator.
Mechanistic study on the anti‐proinflammatory activity of Kunitz type inhibitor from Caesalpinia decapetala seeds
Abstract
The study reports the biochemical characterization and mechanism of action of a novel 19.6 kDa protease inhibitor (PIs) isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia decapetala belonging to the Fabaceae family. A systematic study was performed to ascertain the purity, specificity, biochemical and structural characterization, and its potential in curbing inflammation in vitro conditions. A two-step chromatography technique was used to purify the PIs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight were employed to detect the molecular mass of the protein. N-terminal sequence analysis of the inhibitor showed sequence similarity with the Kunitz family PIs. The in vitro test tube assay was performed for determining the anti-inflammatory activity and the inhibitor is antiproliferative against macrophage (RAW264.7) and lung cancer cell lines (A549). An effective decrease in the release of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6, TNF-α) and on the activity of elastase was observed in macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7) which were treated with PIs. The purified inhibitor shows promising results against inflammation.
Matcha‐silver nanoparticles reduce gamma radiation‐induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by activating SIRT1 and NLRP‐3 signaling pathways in the Wistar rat spleen
Abstract
The biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn significant attention. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is adversely impacted during irradiation. The current study was designated to evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory effect of matcha-silver nanoparticles (M-AgNPs) to reduce inflammation associated with γ-radiation induced-oxidative stress and inflammation in rats' spleen. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by biogenic synthesis using a green sonochemical method from matcha (M) green tea. The obtained M-AgNPs were extensively characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Using zetasizer analysis, the surface charge, particle size, and radical scavenging DPPH assay of M-AgNPs were also examined. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were analyzed by MTT assay, and the IC50 was calculated. Four groups of 24 Wistar rats each had an equal number of animals. The next step involved measuring the levels of oxidative stress markers in the rat splenic tissue. Additionally, the amounts of inflammatory protein expression were evaluated using the ELISA analysis. The results indicated the formation of spherical nanoparticles of pure Ag° coated with matcha polyphenols at the nanoscale, as well as uniform monodisperse particles suited for cellular absorption. Results revealed that M-AgNPs improved all biochemical parameters. Furthermore, M-AgNPs relieve inflammation by reducing the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and enhancing the levels of ileSnt information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Histopathological examinations demonstrated the ability of M-AgNPs to overcome the damage consequent to irradiation and recover the spleen's cellular structure. These results confirmed that matcha is a potential biomaterial for synthesizing AgNPs, which can be exploited for their anti-inflammatory activity.
Multifunctional Interlayer Engineering for Silkworm Excrement‐Derived Porous Carbon Enabling High‐Energy Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries show advantage of high theoretical capacity. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics seriously reduce their service life. Inspired by the porous structural features of biomass materials, herein, a functional interlayer is fabricated by silkworm excrement-derived three-dimensional porous carbon accommodating nano sized CoS2 particles (SC@CoS2). The porous carbon delivers a high specific surface area, which provides adequate adsorption sites, being responsible for suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Meanwhile, the porous carbon is favorable for hindering the aggregation of CoS2 and maintaining its high activity during extended cycles, which effectively accelerates the polysulfides conversion kinetics. Moreover, the SC@CoS2 functional interlayer effectively restrains the formation of Li dendrites and promotes the uniform deposition of Li on the Li electrode surface. As a result, the CMK-3/S cathode achieves a high initial capacity of 1599.1 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C rate assisted by the polypropylene separator coated with the functional interlayer and 1208.3 mAh g-1 is maintained after the long cycling test. This work provides an insight into the designing of long-lasting catalysts for stable functional interlayer, which encourages the application of biomass-derived porous carbon in high-energy Li-S batteries.
Resource Utilization of Waste Medicine: A Case of Furazolidone Used for Oilfield Water Treatment
To solve the problem of waste medicine more reasonably, furazolidone (FDZ) was employed in a case study to investigate its potential for application in oilfield water treatment as acidizing corrosion inhibitor and bactericide. FZD exhibits high inhibitory efficiency under acidic conditions. This work provides a simple and beneficial way to resource utilization of waste medicine.
Abstract
As a case study in the practical problem of how to solve the issue of waste medicine more reasonably, furazolidone (FZD) was investigated as an acidizing corrosion inhibitor and bactericide for oilfield water treatment. Gravimetric results indicate that FZD exhibits high inhibitory efficiency under acidic conditions. In addition, the corrosion inhibition performance decreases as the temperature increases. The adsorption of FZD on the surface of steel has been studied, and the experimental results indicate that the material exhibits the characteristics of a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic results demonstrate that the adsorption behavior of FZD on the steel surface is that of an exothermic, spontaneous, entropy-decreasing process. Finally, the bactericidal activity of FZD was investigated. This work provides a simple and beneficial way to utilize a particular waste drug.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene: Scalable and Efficient Preparation of A Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon under Ball Milling Conditions
Mechanochemical synthesis of corannulene by ball milling technique is shown to be a highly efficient and scalable process. Through this method, 15 g of corannulene could be obtained in a single milling cycle in 90 % isolated yield.
Abstract
Corannulene, a curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is prepared in a multigram scale through mechanochemical synthesis. Initially, a mixer mill approach is examined and found to be suitable for a gram scale synthesis. For larger scales, planetary mills are used. For instance, 15 g of corannulene could be obtained in a single milling cycle with an isolated yield of 90 %. The yields are lower when the jar rotation rate is lower or higher than 400 revolutions per minute (rpm). Cumulatively, 98 g of corannulene is produced through the ball milling-based grinding techniques. These results indicate the future potential of mechanochemistry in the rational chemical synthesis of highly curved nanocarbons such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.