Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Exergy Analysis of Coal‐ and Natural Gas‐Based Ammonia Production

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Exergy Analysis of Coal- and Natural Gas-Based Ammonia Production

Environmental and efficiency impacts of ammonia production based on coal and natural gas systems are compared in a comprehensive life cycle assessment analysis. Natural gas, also being a cleaner-burning fossil fuel, demonstrates higher energy and exergy efficiencies compared to anthracite coal, resulting in a superior net power generation rate. The advantages of natural gas over coal are highlighted.


Abstract

A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis of ammonia production is presented, focusing on the comparison between natural gas-based and coal-based processes. Ammonia production is associated with high energy consumption and significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The objective of this research is to identify key processes and parameters within the ammonia synthesis industry and provide recommendations for cleaner and more sustainable development. Exergy analysis is performed to assess the efficiency of ammonia production technologies and determine optimal operating conditions. Natural gas-based ammonia production has lower environmental impacts compared to coal-based production in most categories, except for ionizing radiation. Natural gas, being a cleaner-burning fossil fuel, produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants. However, it is essential to address the issue of ionizing radiation in natural gas-based processes. The potential for more efficient technologies and the importance of removing sulfur and other impurities during the production process to optimize catalyst performance are highlighted.

Cobalt Hydroxide Spindle Nanosheet Amorphous Electrocatalysts via In‐Situ Fast Reduction Release/Oxidization Mechanistic Method for Efficient Overall Water Electrolysis

Cobalt Hydroxide Spindle Nanosheet Amorphous Electrocatalysts via In-Situ Fast Reduction Release/Oxidization Mechanistic Method for Efficient Overall Water Electrolysis

Co(OH)2 is an excellent bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting at 1.64 V, which competes with state-of-art couples Pt−C//IrO2 (1.63 V). A novel preparation method, in-situ fast reduction release/oxidization mechanistic way to obtain a spindle nanosheet electrocatalyst is reported.


Abstract

Water electrolysis focused with electricity or sunlight is one of the sustainable methods to produce hydrogen; this helps to address the global energy demand whereas sluggish OER and HER kinetic barriers hamper this process. Here, we report an earth abundant Co(OH)2 spindle nanosheet electrocatalyst synthesized via surfactant with boron-assisted release/oxidize mechanistic process and employed it as a bifunctional electrocatalyst (OER/HER) with small overpotential (258 mV/156 mV), low Tafel slope (78 mV dec−1/71 mV dec−1), higher turnover frequency (0.235 s−1/0.100 s−1) and low charge transfer resistance (4.7 Ω). The higher electrochemical active surface area (45 cm2) of the catalyst exploits the potential electrocatalyst nature with overall cell voltage 1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2.

Controlled Supramolecular Assemblies of Chiral Cyclometalated Gold (III) Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media

Controlled Supramolecular Assemblies of Chiral Cyclometalated Gold (III) Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media

The first chiral gold (III) amphiphile enables chiral supramolecular assembly in aqueous media, confirmed by circular dichroic and electron microscopy, with potential supramolecular helicity enhancement controlled by packing parameters of the amphiphilic design. The resulting chiral supramolecular assembly shows good cytocompatibility.


Abstract

Gold (III) cyclometalated based amphiphiles in aqueous media have been revealed with excellent supramolecular transformations to external stimuli to open new pathways for soft functional material fabrications. Herein, we report a new chiral cyclometalated gold (III) amphiphile (GA) assembling into lamellar nanostructures in aqueous media confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Counterion exchange with D-, L-, or racemic-camphorsulfonates features the significant supramolecular helicity enhancements, enabling transformations of GA from lamellar structure to vesicles and to nanotubes with multi-equivalents of counterion. The limited cytotoxicity of GA in aqueous media exhibits good biocompatibility.