Azide Thermolysis Frameworks: Self‐inflating, Porous, and Lightweight Materials

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Porous organic materials have received increasing attention due to their potential applications, such as gas storage, gas separation, and catalysis. In this work we present a series of aromatic, polyazide-containing building blocks that enable the formation of a new class of amorphous porous organic materials. The azide precursors are obtained in moderate to good yields following an easy synthesis procedure. By thermal decomposition, self-inflating porous structures named Azide Thermolysis Frameworks (ATFs) can be obtained. Modified thermogravimetric analysis is used to determine the onset temperature at which the azides decompose, and the frameworks are formed. The frameworks are further investigated via infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas adsorption measurements. Specific surface areas and pore sizes are determined by nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77 K using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller-method (BET) to give surface areas of up to 677 m2/g for the ATF resulting from the thermolysis of TPB-Azide at 450 °C, which can compete with early Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs). Notably, the specific surface area can be tuned by varying the thermolysis temperature.

Nature’s Blueprint: Chelation‐Assisted C−H Functionalization for Selective and Efficient Reactions in Aqueous Media

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Nature's Blueprint: Chelation-Assisted C−H Functionalization for Selective and Efficient Reactions in Aqueous Media


Abstract

Efficient and sustainable strategies for C−H functionalization are crucial in organic synthesis. Bioinspired catalytic systems have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional synthetic methods. These systems draw inspiration from nature‘s ability to selectively functionalize complex molecules in water-based environments. Among these, chelation-assisted C−H functionalization stands out due to its ability to guide the substrate towards the active site of the catalyst, thereby controlling the selectivity of the reaction. This review focuses on the use of chelation assistance to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of bioinspired C−H functionalization reactions in aqueous media. We cover aliphatic, aromatic, and alkenyl C−H functionalization, as well as tandem C−H activation/cyclization, utilizing metallocycle intermediates. Additionally, we highlight the underlying mechanisms of these reactions for a deeper understanding and development of novel methodologies.

Antibody Libraries as Platforms to Exploring Target and Receptor Pleiotropy

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Antibody Libraries as Platforms to Exploring Target and Receptor Pleiotropy


Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become important classes in biopharmaceutical products. The selection of antibodies has traditionally been based on their binding affinity. New techniques and advancements in combinatorial antibody libraries have made it possible to isolate functional antibodies within cellular environments. These antibodies can act an agonist or antagonist provide valuable insights into the complexities of signal transduction and potentially leading to different cell responses or affecting cell behavior. Additionally, an in vivo selection system is utilized, which relies on cell migration to specific tissues, to generate antibodies that induce cells to differentiate and selectively migrate to particular tissues. Overall, the discovery of functional antibodies from antibody libraries has the potential to reveal receptor pleiotropism and pave opportunities to investigate cellular biology and uncover surprising discoveries in the areas of stem cells and cancer research.