Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
The provincial competitiveness index (PCI) serves as an important measure for the efforts of localities in Vietnam in improving the business environment. However, the methodology of PCI excludes the influence of the traditional conditions on business growth, only measuring the “net” competitiveness at the provincial level. This study is conducted (1) to supplement the approach to measure the relation between the improvement of the business environment and the changes in the business results of the enterprises; at the same time and (2) to pay attention to factors that have been excluded in the PCI methodology. Measuring technical efficiency (TE) by data envelopment analysis, fixed effect model, and random effect model are employed to achieve these research objectives. The findings show that the impact of PCI to business growth has a lag of approximately 1 year. Furthermore, in the TE approach, the business growth indicators are affected not only by the improvement of the business environment created by the local government but also by the basic conditions of that locality. This approach seems to be “fair” across localities, especially those with low starting points. This theoretical approach, however, also needs to be further complemented, especially regarding data, to overcome its potential limitations.
Category Archives: Business Perspectives and Research
Towards a Psychology of Corporate Governance: Theoretical Insights on Non-Executive Director and CEO Performance
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
Generally, corporate governance research has been considered the preserve of economics, accounting, and finance scholars. However, attempts are being made to apply behavioral science knowledge in this domain that has traditionally been considered economics and finance. The purpose of this article is to further the efforts in establishing a tradition of behavioral science research in corporate governance. To accomplish this objective, the article establishes the gaps in the extant literature on corporate governance. The article argues from theoretical insights emanating from organizational psychology in particular and behavioral sciences in general. As a result, this article attempts to apply some of the existing theories in social and organizational psychology to explain factors influencing the performance of non-executive directors on boards as well as executive performance and remuneration. Principally, we utilized theories of motivation (expectancy and equity theories) and social influence theory (conformity) to highlight the potential contributions that the psychology of corporate governance can make to advance knowledge and practice. Further, applications and practical ways of testing derived assumptions are also discussed.
Generally, corporate governance research has been considered the preserve of economics, accounting, and finance scholars. However, attempts are being made to apply behavioral science knowledge in this domain that has traditionally been considered economics and finance. The purpose of this article is to further the efforts in establishing a tradition of behavioral science research in corporate governance. To accomplish this objective, the article establishes the gaps in the extant literature on corporate governance. The article argues from theoretical insights emanating from organizational psychology in particular and behavioral sciences in general. As a result, this article attempts to apply some of the existing theories in social and organizational psychology to explain factors influencing the performance of non-executive directors on boards as well as executive performance and remuneration. Principally, we utilized theories of motivation (expectancy and equity theories) and social influence theory (conformity) to highlight the potential contributions that the psychology of corporate governance can make to advance knowledge and practice. Further, applications and practical ways of testing derived assumptions are also discussed.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Takeover in Family Firms: Current Themes and Prospects
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
This article highlights the crucial areas and recent dynamics of the takeover field in family firms and recommends avenues for further research. Employing a bibliometric examination, this study analyzes a sample of 63 studies from the Scopus database on acquisition involving family firms between 1997 and early 2021. The study also performed a systematic literature review of the most significant articles as revealed by the computation. We obtain the prominent authors based on citation analysis. We also find current themes and suggest future research avenues. Despite the worldwide prevalence of family firms, there is less study on the takeover of family firms. The results also show that most of the articles are based on the few most studied theories, such as agency theory, resource-based view and stewardship and stagnation perspective, and so on. The scant studies on the takeover of family firms center around acquisition decisions, determinants of acquisition, and acquisition outcomes, with relatively less attention on measuring non-economic goals, board structure, and generation of family members. Finally, the results indicate that very few studies have focused on cross-industry and cross-country to examine the effect of family ownership on takeover events.
This article highlights the crucial areas and recent dynamics of the takeover field in family firms and recommends avenues for further research. Employing a bibliometric examination, this study analyzes a sample of 63 studies from the Scopus database on acquisition involving family firms between 1997 and early 2021. The study also performed a systematic literature review of the most significant articles as revealed by the computation. We obtain the prominent authors based on citation analysis. We also find current themes and suggest future research avenues. Despite the worldwide prevalence of family firms, there is less study on the takeover of family firms. The results also show that most of the articles are based on the few most studied theories, such as agency theory, resource-based view and stewardship and stagnation perspective, and so on. The scant studies on the takeover of family firms center around acquisition decisions, determinants of acquisition, and acquisition outcomes, with relatively less attention on measuring non-economic goals, board structure, and generation of family members. Finally, the results indicate that very few studies have focused on cross-industry and cross-country to examine the effect of family ownership on takeover events.
Tax, Financial and Social and Governance (ESG) Reporting Concerns of Sexual Harassment Non-disclosure Clauses
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
This research focuses on the tax, financial reporting, and sustainability consequences that companies face as a part of settling agreement non-disclosure clauses for workplace sexual harassment claims and cases. Given recent events such as the sexual harassment cases of former Governor Andrew Cuomo and those in the entertainment industry like Harvey Weinstein, managers, and decision-makers must be able to justify decisions to include such clauses in a settlement agreement, and then require an external review of the facts, circumstances, practices, and institutional policies which helped lead to such claim(s). The recent change in legislation and regulation has impacted how companies can work to eliminate and combat sexual harassment cases in the workplace. Using contextual analysis, we first examine the tax considerations of non-disclosure clauses, post-adoption of I.R.C. §162(q), and subsequently review emerging financial reporting consequences of sexual harassment, and finally, we review sexual harassment in relation to the growing SRI movement and its focus on the two specific ESG factors related to governance and social issues. Our research proposes practical guidelines, considerations, and reforms for companies to manage tax, financial, public relations, and environmental, social and governance (ESG) elements associated with efforts to “weed out” sexual harassment behaviors within organizations.
This research focuses on the tax, financial reporting, and sustainability consequences that companies face as a part of settling agreement non-disclosure clauses for workplace sexual harassment claims and cases. Given recent events such as the sexual harassment cases of former Governor Andrew Cuomo and those in the entertainment industry like Harvey Weinstein, managers, and decision-makers must be able to justify decisions to include such clauses in a settlement agreement, and then require an external review of the facts, circumstances, practices, and institutional policies which helped lead to such claim(s). The recent change in legislation and regulation has impacted how companies can work to eliminate and combat sexual harassment cases in the workplace. Using contextual analysis, we first examine the tax considerations of non-disclosure clauses, post-adoption of I.R.C. §162(q), and subsequently review emerging financial reporting consequences of sexual harassment, and finally, we review sexual harassment in relation to the growing SRI movement and its focus on the two specific ESG factors related to governance and social issues. Our research proposes practical guidelines, considerations, and reforms for companies to manage tax, financial, public relations, and environmental, social and governance (ESG) elements associated with efforts to “weed out” sexual harassment behaviors within organizations.
Linking Supply Chain Management Practices of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises to Customer Relationship Management Objectives: A Proposed Framework
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
Highlighting the importance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) for economic development and growth, and the appearance of their supply chain vulnerability due to the pandemic attack. Thus, the aim of this research is to propose a framework linking the supply chain management practices (SCMPs) of MSMEs to CRM objectives for the purpose of improving MSMEs’ operational performance. This article conducted a systematic review of all available publications from two prominent databases (WoS and Scopus) through PRISMA guidelines to explore the relationship between variables upon which the theoretical framework will be identified. Followed by semi-structured interviews with MSMEs’ eco-system stakeholders to validate the proposed framework using content analysis based on NVivo software. The findings revealed the relationship between SCMPs and CRM objectives through MSMEs’ operational performance, and a set of indicators has been determined for each variable, upon which a theoretical framework has been developed. Moreover, content analysis for interviews validates the key determinants for SCMPs, operational performance, customer satisfaction, and loyalty for MSMEs, upon which a proposed framework has been developed. This research provides a framework that can be used by academics and practitioners to assess the impact of SCMPs on CRM objectives through improving MSMEs’ operational performance and corrective action for MSMEs’ procedures.
Highlighting the importance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) for economic development and growth, and the appearance of their supply chain vulnerability due to the pandemic attack. Thus, the aim of this research is to propose a framework linking the supply chain management practices (SCMPs) of MSMEs to CRM objectives for the purpose of improving MSMEs’ operational performance. This article conducted a systematic review of all available publications from two prominent databases (WoS and Scopus) through PRISMA guidelines to explore the relationship between variables upon which the theoretical framework will be identified. Followed by semi-structured interviews with MSMEs’ eco-system stakeholders to validate the proposed framework using content analysis based on NVivo software. The findings revealed the relationship between SCMPs and CRM objectives through MSMEs’ operational performance, and a set of indicators has been determined for each variable, upon which a theoretical framework has been developed. Moreover, content analysis for interviews validates the key determinants for SCMPs, operational performance, customer satisfaction, and loyalty for MSMEs, upon which a proposed framework has been developed. This research provides a framework that can be used by academics and practitioners to assess the impact of SCMPs on CRM objectives through improving MSMEs’ operational performance and corrective action for MSMEs’ procedures.
Breaking the Shackles: Uncovering the Entrepreneurial Intention Among Women A Study Based in North India
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
The present research explores the factors stimulating entrepreneurial potential among women based in India and how it eventually results in an intention to start their own business. The study is using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the entrepreneurial event model to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial potential among women entrepreneurs in India. The study also attempts to understand whether entrepreneurial potential results in an intention to take up a business venture. A survey questionnaire is used to gather the data, and it is conducted both online and offline. The study used 214 responses in total. The data is analyzed using validated procedures and techniques, such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and then path analysis in AMOS (20). The study found that entrepreneurial potential was significantly affected by perceived desirability, followed by perceived feasibility and it also found that perceived risk negatively affects entrepreneurial potential. The second finding shows that the developed potential does turn into an intention to start an entrepreneurial venture, backed by perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. The results can be used to design training programs and help incubators create a methodical strategy to ensure the promotion of women entrepreneurs.
The present research explores the factors stimulating entrepreneurial potential among women based in India and how it eventually results in an intention to start their own business. The study is using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the entrepreneurial event model to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial potential among women entrepreneurs in India. The study also attempts to understand whether entrepreneurial potential results in an intention to take up a business venture. A survey questionnaire is used to gather the data, and it is conducted both online and offline. The study used 214 responses in total. The data is analyzed using validated procedures and techniques, such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and then path analysis in AMOS (20). The study found that entrepreneurial potential was significantly affected by perceived desirability, followed by perceived feasibility and it also found that perceived risk negatively affects entrepreneurial potential. The second finding shows that the developed potential does turn into an intention to start an entrepreneurial venture, backed by perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. The results can be used to design training programs and help incubators create a methodical strategy to ensure the promotion of women entrepreneurs.
Environmental, Social and Governance Performance Disclosure and Market Value: Evidence from Jordan
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
Our article seeks to investigate the impact of ESG disclosure in its three dimensions, both collectively and individually, on the market value of Jordanian-listed companies from 2012 to 2019. Using a sample of 173 companies listed in ASE, 1,384 observations were collected. The findings indicate that environmental and social disclosure maximize companies’ market value, and the ESG disclosure collectively has positively affected the market value. At the same time, the results do not show any important role in governance. This indicates that companies pay close attention to various stakeholders, particularly external stakeholders, and wish to increase trust and transparency by disclosing their ESG performance. As a result, companies’ confidence in the capital markets is reinforced, and improved disclosure practices positively affect market value. This study adds an empirical contribution to the literature by investigating the influence of sustainability reporting on companies’ market value in the context of emerging economic countries.
Our article seeks to investigate the impact of ESG disclosure in its three dimensions, both collectively and individually, on the market value of Jordanian-listed companies from 2012 to 2019. Using a sample of 173 companies listed in ASE, 1,384 observations were collected. The findings indicate that environmental and social disclosure maximize companies’ market value, and the ESG disclosure collectively has positively affected the market value. At the same time, the results do not show any important role in governance. This indicates that companies pay close attention to various stakeholders, particularly external stakeholders, and wish to increase trust and transparency by disclosing their ESG performance. As a result, companies’ confidence in the capital markets is reinforced, and improved disclosure practices positively affect market value. This study adds an empirical contribution to the literature by investigating the influence of sustainability reporting on companies’ market value in the context of emerging economic countries.
Determinants of Bank Profitability in the Context of Financial Liberalization: Evidence from Morocco
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
This article aims, in the context of financial liberalization, to examine the impact of several internal and external factors in relation to the profitability of banks listed on the Moroccan stock exchange. The study uses the panel data method on a sample of the six banks with the largest market shares over the 2010–2019 period to investigate the influence of ownership structure, bank governance, capital structure, prudential regulation, and also a macroeconomic variation on bank profitability. Accordingly, the empirical results indicate a negative relationship between concentration, foreign ownership, and bank profitability. Further, high capital structure ratios, especially solvency, liquidity, and capitalization ratios appear to have an undesirable effect on the performance of Moroccan banks. In contrast, the impact of domestic institutional ownership is positive, implying that profitability is more favored by domestic ownership than by foreign ownership. Our findings also highlight the importance of independent directors and board size. Therefore, liberalizing ownership and opening up the board to the expertise of outside directors is essential for the banking sector’s development.In terms of policy implications, central banks and regulators need to ensure that banks rigorously adhere to specified leverage and fixed capital adequacy ratios while ensuring optimal liberalization for bank performance.
This article aims, in the context of financial liberalization, to examine the impact of several internal and external factors in relation to the profitability of banks listed on the Moroccan stock exchange. The study uses the panel data method on a sample of the six banks with the largest market shares over the 2010–2019 period to investigate the influence of ownership structure, bank governance, capital structure, prudential regulation, and also a macroeconomic variation on bank profitability. Accordingly, the empirical results indicate a negative relationship between concentration, foreign ownership, and bank profitability. Further, high capital structure ratios, especially solvency, liquidity, and capitalization ratios appear to have an undesirable effect on the performance of Moroccan banks. In contrast, the impact of domestic institutional ownership is positive, implying that profitability is more favored by domestic ownership than by foreign ownership. Our findings also highlight the importance of independent directors and board size. Therefore, liberalizing ownership and opening up the board to the expertise of outside directors is essential for the banking sector’s development.In terms of policy implications, central banks and regulators need to ensure that banks rigorously adhere to specified leverage and fixed capital adequacy ratios while ensuring optimal liberalization for bank performance.
Scale Development Procedures in the Context of Online Consumers: Key Recommendations
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
Scales are developed with rigorous theoretical and statistical procedures, and they play a paramount role in the predictions of the outcome of constructs. However, it was found in the extant literature that the development of several scales was done without adherence to standard practices. This article aims to critically review the procedures used for the scales developed in the context of online consumers, highlight limitations, discuss their implications, and recommend the best practices for future research. Scale development studies published in journals indexed in reputed international databases were selected for meta-synthesis. The present study analysis was divided according to the primary stages of the scale development process namely development, data collection, analysis, and reporting. Common issues, such as unsuitable qualitative analysis methods, improper sampling technique, sample size, sample composition, and non-adherence to the reporting standards were recorded. At the end of this study, 15 recommendations were formulated, which would help strengthen the future scale development process in the context of online consumers.
Scales are developed with rigorous theoretical and statistical procedures, and they play a paramount role in the predictions of the outcome of constructs. However, it was found in the extant literature that the development of several scales was done without adherence to standard practices. This article aims to critically review the procedures used for the scales developed in the context of online consumers, highlight limitations, discuss their implications, and recommend the best practices for future research. Scale development studies published in journals indexed in reputed international databases were selected for meta-synthesis. The present study analysis was divided according to the primary stages of the scale development process namely development, data collection, analysis, and reporting. Common issues, such as unsuitable qualitative analysis methods, improper sampling technique, sample size, sample composition, and non-adherence to the reporting standards were recorded. At the end of this study, 15 recommendations were formulated, which would help strengthen the future scale development process in the context of online consumers.
Market-based Financing Through Municipal Bond in India: Investor’s Checklist Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Business Perspectives and Research, Ahead of Print.
This paper aims to analyze the investor’s perspective toward municipal bonds and to inspect the success potential of municipal bonds in India from 2010 to 2020. The research’s conceptual model is drawn using PLS-SEM for the factors impacting investor decisions toward investment in bonds issued by urban local bodies in India. Results show that “credit rating,” “yields,” “tax benefit,” and “financial soundness” significantly affect the choice of investment in municipal bonds by retail investors. However, “transparency,” “liquidity,” and “investor awareness” are not found to be significant. Bond issuers can use the model to recognize the factors impacting investors’ prioritization for investments in municipal bonds, which can also help them target a bigger investor base. The study relies on subjective data provided by retail investors and may not be the clear-cut performance indicators. The limitation of the time frame for the study over 10 years will restrict the results specifically for that period. The importance of retail investors in developing countries’ municipal bond markets has been overlooked. The study’s key contribution will be to assist and empower new retail investors to have confidence in participating in this fixed-income financial instrument.
This paper aims to analyze the investor’s perspective toward municipal bonds and to inspect the success potential of municipal bonds in India from 2010 to 2020. The research’s conceptual model is drawn using PLS-SEM for the factors impacting investor decisions toward investment in bonds issued by urban local bodies in India. Results show that “credit rating,” “yields,” “tax benefit,” and “financial soundness” significantly affect the choice of investment in municipal bonds by retail investors. However, “transparency,” “liquidity,” and “investor awareness” are not found to be significant. Bond issuers can use the model to recognize the factors impacting investors’ prioritization for investments in municipal bonds, which can also help them target a bigger investor base. The study relies on subjective data provided by retail investors and may not be the clear-cut performance indicators. The limitation of the time frame for the study over 10 years will restrict the results specifically for that period. The importance of retail investors in developing countries’ municipal bond markets has been overlooked. The study’s key contribution will be to assist and empower new retail investors to have confidence in participating in this fixed-income financial instrument.