.
THE RED FLAG OF EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA)
World Affairs, Volume 186, Issue 3, Page 627-655, FALL 2023.
The Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) policy, a representative biodefense policy, was legislated in the United States in 2001 based on lessons learned from Amerithrax, whereas Korea's EUA policy was based on lessons learned from the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in 2015. Due to these divergent origins, the U.S. EUA's homeland security objectives were specialized to deal with highly pathogenic biological agents that could be exploited for bioterrorism, whereas the Korean EUA pursues disease containment purposes to strengthen mass-testing practices. During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. EUA revealed limitations in its integration with public health surveillance, laboratory partnerships, and insurance systems, which hampered the rapid expansion of testing capacities. Thereafter, once the limitations of the EUA were circumvented, the testing capacity of the United States began to catch up with that of South Korea, and later skyrocketed after solving these issues.
The Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) policy, a representative biodefense policy, was legislated in the United States in 2001 based on lessons learned from Amerithrax, whereas Korea's EUA policy was based on lessons learned from the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in 2015. Due to these divergent origins, the U.S. EUA's homeland security objectives were specialized to deal with highly pathogenic biological agents that could be exploited for bioterrorism, whereas the Korean EUA pursues disease containment purposes to strengthen mass-testing practices. During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. EUA revealed limitations in its integration with public health surveillance, laboratory partnerships, and insurance systems, which hampered the rapid expansion of testing capacities. Thereafter, once the limitations of the EUA were circumvented, the testing capacity of the United States began to catch up with that of South Korea, and later skyrocketed after solving these issues.
‘Better than Doing Nothing’ – constructing support for biodiversity offsetting in Finland
.
Is citizen satisfaction affected by the equivalent framing effect? A study based on situations involving poor government performance
International Review of Administrative Sciences, Ahead of Print.
Although numerous studies have confirmed the existence and possible limitations of the equivalent framing effect in performance information evaluation, few studies have examined the conditions under which this framing effect works or does not work. This paper explores the equivalent framing effect of citizen satisfaction in the case of poor government performance by using two investigation experiments, and examines the boundary conditions of this effect in terms of performance information sources and trust in government. The results show that citizen satisfaction is higher when performance information is framed positively, rather than negatively. The findings demonstrate that the equivalent framing effect of citizen satisfaction is moderated by performance information sources and trust in government. This result indicates that equivalent framing effect has a certain fragility, showing heterogeneity with different sources of performance information and different levels of public trust in the government.Points for practitionersTruthfully reporting poor performance is the basic requirement for local governments. This study reminds government staff that, on the one hand, low performance is not a scourge, and small changes in poor performance reports may significantly change citizen satisfaction. On the other hand, it is not a panacea to improve citizen satisfaction simply by changing the presentation of performance information. The government should make more efforts to improve the public's confidence in performance information and the government.
Although numerous studies have confirmed the existence and possible limitations of the equivalent framing effect in performance information evaluation, few studies have examined the conditions under which this framing effect works or does not work. This paper explores the equivalent framing effect of citizen satisfaction in the case of poor government performance by using two investigation experiments, and examines the boundary conditions of this effect in terms of performance information sources and trust in government. The results show that citizen satisfaction is higher when performance information is framed positively, rather than negatively. The findings demonstrate that the equivalent framing effect of citizen satisfaction is moderated by performance information sources and trust in government. This result indicates that equivalent framing effect has a certain fragility, showing heterogeneity with different sources of performance information and different levels of public trust in the government.Points for practitionersTruthfully reporting poor performance is the basic requirement for local governments. This study reminds government staff that, on the one hand, low performance is not a scourge, and small changes in poor performance reports may significantly change citizen satisfaction. On the other hand, it is not a panacea to improve citizen satisfaction simply by changing the presentation of performance information. The government should make more efforts to improve the public's confidence in performance information and the government.
Citizens United and State environmental policy, regulations, and outcomes
.
Liquid light: ayahuasca spirituality and the Santo Daime tradition
.
Figures of possibility: aesthetic experience, mysticism, and the play of the senses
.
Territory, Terrain, and Human Rights: Jurisdiction and Border Control Under the European Convention on Human Rights
.
Territories of faith; religion, urban planning and demographic change in post-war Europe
.
Delayed shock? How Brexit conditioned campaign effects in British general elections
Party Politics, Ahead of Print.
The impact of campaigns on electoral performance is conditioned in part by contextual effects. The popularity equilibrium model has proven to be an important guide to how the electoral effects of local campaigns vary by a party’s existing level of popularity. Such an equilibrium can, however be disturbed by an electoral shock—a rare event which fundamentally challenges the foundations that underpin predictability in elections. This article analyses the impact of the electoral shock of the UK’s 2016 referendum on EU membership on campaign effects in the subsequent elections of 2017 and 2019. Using a novel theoretical and methodological approach, it shows that while there were observable effects of the Leave vote already present before the referendum, the geography of the effectiveness of Labour and Conservative local campaigns was altered after the referendum. However, it was not until the 2019 election that the shock of the 2016 Leave vote became a particularly important predictor of the electoral efficacy of both parties’ campaigns.
The impact of campaigns on electoral performance is conditioned in part by contextual effects. The popularity equilibrium model has proven to be an important guide to how the electoral effects of local campaigns vary by a party’s existing level of popularity. Such an equilibrium can, however be disturbed by an electoral shock—a rare event which fundamentally challenges the foundations that underpin predictability in elections. This article analyses the impact of the electoral shock of the UK’s 2016 referendum on EU membership on campaign effects in the subsequent elections of 2017 and 2019. Using a novel theoretical and methodological approach, it shows that while there were observable effects of the Leave vote already present before the referendum, the geography of the effectiveness of Labour and Conservative local campaigns was altered after the referendum. However, it was not until the 2019 election that the shock of the 2016 Leave vote became a particularly important predictor of the electoral efficacy of both parties’ campaigns.