Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Category Archives: Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
The Art of Compassion in Mental Healthcare for All: Back to the Basics
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Ahead of Print.
The Initial Epoch of Psychosurgery in India: A Retrospective Data Review from Mysore Government Mental Hospital
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Background:In the early 20th century, psychosurgery had gained worldwide popularity for treating mentally ill persons, especially in western countries. We attempt to chronicle its journey in the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru.Methods:Archived case records and registers of patients admitted from 1939 to 1947 were reviewed to identify those who had undergone psychosurgery. Case records of the identified patients were assessed for clinical information, including the details of psychosurgery.Results:Among the patients, 107 had undergone psychosurgery, primarily leucotomy. Schizophrenia (51.5%) was the most common diagnosis in them, and 33.7% of all patients were reported to have improved. Yet, inconsistencies were found about the presence and degree of improvement. Possible side effects were not consistently documented.Conclusion:Psychosurgery was adopted at the MGMH very soon following its introduction in the western world. However, ambiguity about its benefits and risks was noted in the current study.
Background:In the early 20th century, psychosurgery had gained worldwide popularity for treating mentally ill persons, especially in western countries. We attempt to chronicle its journey in the Mysore Government Mental Hospital (MGMH), now the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru.Methods:Archived case records and registers of patients admitted from 1939 to 1947 were reviewed to identify those who had undergone psychosurgery. Case records of the identified patients were assessed for clinical information, including the details of psychosurgery.Results:Among the patients, 107 had undergone psychosurgery, primarily leucotomy. Schizophrenia (51.5%) was the most common diagnosis in them, and 33.7% of all patients were reported to have improved. Yet, inconsistencies were found about the presence and degree of improvement. Possible side effects were not consistently documented.Conclusion:Psychosurgery was adopted at the MGMH very soon following its introduction in the western world. However, ambiguity about its benefits and risks was noted in the current study.
Validation of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Clinical Correlates of its Scores in French-Speaking Patients Starting a Residential Detoxification Program
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Volume 45, Issue 5, Page 503-510, September 2023.
Background:Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays a prominent role in substance use disorder (SUD). The UPPS-P model distinguishes five impulsivity components (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking). This study aimed to explore the structure of the UPPS-P in patients hospitalized for SUDs and to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of impulsivity and clinical variables.Method:Inpatients of a residential detoxification service (n = 125) were recruited. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and associations were assessed between the components of impulsivity and clinical indexes.Results:The factor analysis supported a model of impulsivity with five interrelated latent variables. Good internal consistency was found. External validity was supported by relationships with psychological difficulties. Multiple correlations (Kendall) suggested that, except for its sensation-seeking component, impulsivity is a significant risk factor for both the severity of addictive problems and their comorbidities.Conclusion:This study provides further evidence in favor of the 5-dimensional model of impulsivity. It highlights impulsivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor that should be considered in the management of SUD.
Background:Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that plays a prominent role in substance use disorder (SUD). The UPPS-P model distinguishes five impulsivity components (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking). This study aimed to explore the structure of the UPPS-P in patients hospitalized for SUDs and to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of impulsivity and clinical variables.Method:Inpatients of a residential detoxification service (n = 125) were recruited. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and associations were assessed between the components of impulsivity and clinical indexes.Results:The factor analysis supported a model of impulsivity with five interrelated latent variables. Good internal consistency was found. External validity was supported by relationships with psychological difficulties. Multiple correlations (Kendall) suggested that, except for its sensation-seeking component, impulsivity is a significant risk factor for both the severity of addictive problems and their comorbidities.Conclusion:This study provides further evidence in favor of the 5-dimensional model of impulsivity. It highlights impulsivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor that should be considered in the management of SUD.
Emerging Leadership Role of Psychiatry Teachers in Enhancing Medical Training and Mental Health Services in India
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Volume 45, Issue 5, Page 545-546, September 2023.
Conjoint Couple Therapy with a Woman Survivor of Intimate Partner Violence: Strengths and Challenges
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or Domestic Violence (DV) affects the mental health of women. Systemic family therapy has been found to help bring change in a couple's relationship and the cessation of violence in the relationship, provided both couples are motivated by the therapy to preserve the marital relationship. This article presents a case of offering brief tailor-made individual intervention as well as couple therapy for a woman with depression experiencing violence.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or Domestic Violence (DV) affects the mental health of women. Systemic family therapy has been found to help bring change in a couple's relationship and the cessation of violence in the relationship, provided both couples are motivated by the therapy to preserve the marital relationship. This article presents a case of offering brief tailor-made individual intervention as well as couple therapy for a woman with depression experiencing violence.
Service Bond and Rural Mental Healthcare in India in the 21st Century: Why We Stand Here?
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Volume 45, Issue 5, Page 543-545, September 2023.
Slide Preparation for Medical Conferences—Effective and Powerful Tips
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Volume 45, Issue 5, Page 551-552, September 2023.
Cycloxoygenase-2 Inhibitors: A Novel Treatment Option for Borderline Personality Disorder?
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Chhattisgarh: Findings from National Mental Health Survey
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Background:Psychiatric disorders are among the leading contributors to disability in India and worldwide. The pattern, prevalence, and distribution of psychiatric disorders in the country and its regions need to be assessed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. No study on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders has been conducted in the Chhattisgarh state. This paper, as part of the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), discusses the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh state.Methods:A stratified random cluster sampling technique and random selection based on probability proportional to size (PPS) at each stage were adopted. Participants were from three selected districts of Chhattisgarh, such as Janjgir-Champa, Kabirdham, and Raipur. Adults (aged ≥18 years) residing in selected households were interviewed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0), the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the WHO-SEARO screening questionnaire for generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and screening tools for intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders.Results:A total of 2841 individuals were interviewed. The state’s lifetime and current prevalence of psychiatric disorders for adults were 14.06% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.83–14.29] and 11.66% (95% CI = 11.45–11.87), respectively. Prevalence of substance use disorders, tobacco use disorders, schizophrenia and related disorders, and mood disorders was 32.4% (95% CI = 32.09–32.71), 29.86% (95% CI = 29.56–30.16), 0.8% (95% CI = 0.75–0.86), and 4.44% (95% CI = 4.31–4.58), respectively. High risk for suicide was detected in 0.28% (95% CI = 0.25–0.31). Psychiatric disorders were twice more common in males than in females.Conclusions:The study gives authentic data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh. This shall pave the way for policymakers and planners to design state-specific plans for dealing with mental disorders and related issues.
Background:Psychiatric disorders are among the leading contributors to disability in India and worldwide. The pattern, prevalence, and distribution of psychiatric disorders in the country and its regions need to be assessed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. No study on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders has been conducted in the Chhattisgarh state. This paper, as part of the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), discusses the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh state.Methods:A stratified random cluster sampling technique and random selection based on probability proportional to size (PPS) at each stage were adopted. Participants were from three selected districts of Chhattisgarh, such as Janjgir-Champa, Kabirdham, and Raipur. Adults (aged ≥18 years) residing in selected households were interviewed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0), the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the WHO-SEARO screening questionnaire for generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and screening tools for intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders.Results:A total of 2841 individuals were interviewed. The state’s lifetime and current prevalence of psychiatric disorders for adults were 14.06% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.83–14.29] and 11.66% (95% CI = 11.45–11.87), respectively. Prevalence of substance use disorders, tobacco use disorders, schizophrenia and related disorders, and mood disorders was 32.4% (95% CI = 32.09–32.71), 29.86% (95% CI = 29.56–30.16), 0.8% (95% CI = 0.75–0.86), and 4.44% (95% CI = 4.31–4.58), respectively. High risk for suicide was detected in 0.28% (95% CI = 0.25–0.31). Psychiatric disorders were twice more common in males than in females.Conclusions:The study gives authentic data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh. This shall pave the way for policymakers and planners to design state-specific plans for dealing with mental disorders and related issues.