SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
This triangulation mixed methods study employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the factors affecting continuance intention toward Coursera MOOCs blended learning (CMBL) with undergraduate students at a Vietnamese private higher education institution (HEI). IBM AMOS version 24 was employed, with which Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to examine the reliability and validity of the data collected from 637 students. Manual coding and thematic analysis of qualitative data collected from 30 interviewees, namely administrators, lecturers, curriculum developers, and students, were also conducted to identify the emerged themes and sub-themes. Content feature, social influence, and perceived usefulness were critical factors influencing the HEI students’ continuance intention to use CMBL. This study makes two significant contributions. First, we contribute to the literature from a theoretical standpoint by comparing factors influencing students’ acceptance of CMBL from critical stakeholders in a higher education institution. Second, our findings have practical implications on increasing undergraduate students’ acceptance of blended learning using MOOCs for the long term, which could provide beneficial pointers for HEIs planning to integrate MOOCs for teaching and learning within the higher education context.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Even though previous studies have investigated the effect of environmental regulation policy on stock price crash risk, little is known about how the firm-specific environmental punishment would impact stock price crash risks. By applying difference-in-difference method with manually collected firm-specific environmental punishment data for the listed firms in China, our study finds that the implemented environmental punishment leads to larger stock price crash risk accumulation of the punished firms. This effect can be mitigated by better information disclosure behavior, higher media reputation, healthy fundamentals, and optimal capital structure. Our study also finds the consecutive punishment effect only exists in a long period. Our work is among the first to rigorously analyze the effect of firm-specific environmental punishment on firm’s stock price crash risk. This research provides relevant policy suggestions on the environmental punishment practice.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Wildlife especially large mammals such as elephants are an important part of an ecosystem providing various ecological functions and services, although they are often involved in human-wildlife conflict. The National Elephant Conservation Center (NECC) in the Pahang state of Peninsular Malaysia was established to ensure that the survival of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) in Peninsular Malaysia through direct management, as well as educational and public awareness activities. However, no entrance fee has been imposed since the establishment of the center in 1989 (32 years). This study aimed to determine public willingness to pay for an entrance fee in the NECC. By using the open-ended contingent valuation method (CVM), the mean public willingness to pay for an entrance fee in the NECC during the non-peak season amounted to RM4.65/person/visit whereas it was RM7.09/person/visit during the peak season. The study would serve as a reference for entrance fee implementation for a conservation center as a form of financial aid to sustain the center as well as highlight the importance of public engagement in elephant conservation.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Can we measure child labor? It may sound simple and a classic question to ask, but scholarly discourse continues to raise doubts about how best to measure it accurately, at what level of measurement, and how to differentiate between child labor and a range of almost similar terms such as children assisting parents and working children. In this article, as part of our long-term research project in oil palm production in Sabah (Malaysia), we attempt to measure child labor focusing on four domains, (i) children’s involvement in oil palm activities; (ii) time spent in performing such activities; (iii) types of activities; and (iv) time spent on the learning and undertaking recreational activities. To better understand their involvement in oil palm activities, further analysis is undertaken from four social lenses: gender, age, identity, and education. Our overall findings indicate that while there is a clear conceptual difference and practice between children assisting parents and working children, it is challenging to distinguish between working children and child labor. Instead, most of our child respondents categorized as working children fall within the broader definition of child labor. Given the complex interplay between local contexts and root causes that create conditions of child labor, this article highlights the urgency to refresh scholarly discourse and the way we understand and measure child labor.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Marketing and tourism research emphasizes the importance of the co-creation of experience value in creating and maintaining sites of cultural consumption. However, the role of visitor motivation has been relatively overlooked, as have the dynamics of this process in museum space. Addressing these gaps, this study examines the co-creation of museum experience value from the perspective of visitor motivation in seven museums in Chengdu, China. The survey was used to collect 549 valid samples. Using survey questionnaire data and regression and structural equation analysis, this study reveals the significant relationship between visitor motivation, participation, interaction, and experience value in the co-creation of museum experience value. More specifically, participation and interaction play a mediating role in the relationship between visitor motivation and experience value, while visitor knowledge plays a moderating role in the relationship between visitor motivation and experience value. Expanding the literature on experience value co-creation by museum visitors, the results of this study have important implications for museum management.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
This paper investigates the impact of foreign fund’ flow on the Indonesian stock index incorporating other variables, namely the international stock market, gold price, foreign exchange rate, and the oil price. GJR-GARCH (1,1) model is used to analyze daily time-series data on IDX, foreign fund flows, the S&P 500, and gold, currency, and oil prices from 2014 to 2019. There is an evidence of leverage effect. It means that there is an asymmetric news impact on the conditional variances. Currency and oil prices are the only variables to have an impact on the Indonesian stock market index, while the rest of the variables do not influence the index. The government may provide infrastructures to attract foreign investors. At the same time, the government has to issue the policy that will protect the economy from stock market shocks. Finally, investors may include gold in their portfolio to diversify their investments.JEL Classification: G120, G10, G40

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Given the huge investment made in developing government applications (APPs), it is essential for them to achieve the levels of performance needed to ensure service quality and meet public needs. Although public loyalty is crucial to the success of government APPs, few studies have analyzed the characteristics of service quality or the continuous use of government APPs and their associations. The present study has developed a theoretical model to show how government APPs service quality promotes continuance intention. A questionnaire survey of 388 government APP-users in China and a structural equation model have been used to verify this theoretical model. The empirical results show that overall service quality has an indirect positive impact on government APPs users’ continuance intention through expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness, and user satisfaction. This study enriches our understanding of service quality and government APPs continuance intention, while also exploring government APPs development, design, and promotion.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Corporate reputation is the most prominent area in corporate studies, which signals the current and future corporate practices to pertinent stakeholders. In Industry 4.0 (I4.0), relying on traditional channels would be deemed unwise as corporate information transmitted through these channels is sluggish compared to the swift processes via social media. The study aims to explore and provide insight into corporate reputation in I4.0 by identifying trends in publication and research productivity. To achieve the study objectives, a systematic literature review (SLR) with a bibliometric analysis of past studies from 2010 to 2022 was performed to identify the emerging themes of corporate reputation in I4.0. Resultantly, an upward trend existed in publications and citations after 2011 when the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands were demonstrated to be the most productive countries in corporate reputation research. The findings of the bibliometric analysis also postulated that crisis communication, engagement, and credibility, as well as the corporate image, could be emerging areas for further research. As such, this study provides valuable insights for academia and practitioners after discovering several potential themes to be further appraised regarding corporate reputation in I4.0 in future studies.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, social media are used frequently in the process of teaching and learning interaction, which not only endows learning with sociality, but also poses challenges to students’ autonomous learning behavior. To identify the influencing factors of motivation regulation in blended learning environments, we need to pay more attention needs to the mechanisms and strategies that support students’ long-term interests. The results revealed that social interaction and perceived playfulness are important factors affecting students’ motivation regulation, and teachers’ support of autonomy, emotion, and ability play a regulatory role. The results present internal and external driving forces of students’ motivation regulation, which are useful for educators to understand the plasticity of motivation and the inequality of learning achievements of specific student groups. Therefore, teachers are required to play a more supportive role in the social learning environment based on game thinking and interactive design to enhance students’ learning motivation.

SAGE Open, Volume 13, Issue 4, October-December 2023.
The unprecedented Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected adolescents’ routines, experiences, and physical and mental health but not everybody reacted in the same way. The present longitudinal mixed-method study based in Luxembourg explores adolescents’ emotional responses to the pandemic as well as resilience factors that helped them cope with the challenges. It combines data from a survey completed in 2021 by 332 adolescents and from interviews carried out with 19 adolescents in 2020 and 2021. Overall, the results document the importance of support through family and peer relationships in order to withstand adversity. The findings may help parents, educators, and policymakers develop a supportive environment that minimizes the consequences of future negative events on adolescents.